But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Son of Partha. Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. that the material was genuinely picky. Translation of " " into Persian . These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Established the city of. From Stein's translation:[3]. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. In 1380 C.E. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . He subdued several enemies. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Verse 15. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. Devout Shaivite. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Who translated the Ramayan & Mahabharata into Persia? After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. This quarterly has been published regularly since He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. A Persian Mahabharata: The 1598-1599 Razmnama Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Verse 13. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which Has data issue: true Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rjatarangi describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Mughal Sultanate Flashcards | Quizlet The Loharas ruled for many generations. Hiranya died childless. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. PDF Translating the Past: Rethinking 'Rajatarangini' Narratives in - JSTOR Rajatarangini/Original languages Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Deposed by the minister Shura. Son of Vajraditya II and Mangjarika. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . Hari Parbat is visible in the background. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. View all Google Scholar citations After his death, the queen committed. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Verse 12. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Rajatarangini - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. They cannot be abusive or personal. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Son of Sukhavarman. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable You can try more lenient search to get some results. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. epic poem in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. The. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Match words . In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. The earliest reference to the Kambojas is around the 5th century BCE. [citation needed]. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. . Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. Nothing is known about his origin. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala.
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